Food, Inc. Critical Response Essay pathos,ethos,logos free essay sample

Since you have watched Robert Kenner’s narrative, Food, Inc. , compose an unmistakable, all around created, and all around contended exposition wherein you initially sum up the film and afterward offer a basic investigation of its viability as a narrative. Your article ought to be sorted out around a unique proposition proclamation that centers around whether you locate the narrative powerful in the manner it presents and supports its focal contention. In this exposition, you will investigate how Kenner’s narrative backings its contentions about the food business and whether you thought that it was successful. Try not to expound on whether you loved or hated the film. Your article should bolster your theory proclamation by dissecting 3 distinct scenes or groupings from the film. Each piece of the body should concentrate on an alternate grouping, with one section concentrating on a component of logos (legitimate intrigue), one section on a component of feeling (passionate intrigue), and another part concentrating on a component of ethos (requests to the author’s believability or reliability). The body of your article ought to investigate how Kenner utilizes these interests and whether you discover them compelling (See St. Martin’s Guide, p. 539-43). You may likewise examine any intelligent deceptions you find in the film (See St. Martin’s Guide, p. 620-1). Notwithstanding the film’s content, your investigation ought to likewise concentrate on the visual components Kenner uses to help his thoughts, I. e. video film, pictures, diagrams and charts, the non-verbal communication of those being met, and so on. For direction with this exposition, we will depend on Ch. 8 in the St. Martin’s Guide to Writing, just as the pages from Writer’s Reference refered to in this gift. It is suggested that you begin perusing the part as quickly as time permits. Prerequisites: Your article ought to be 4-6 pages long, meeting these necessities: 1. Presentation (1/2 Page): Your presentation ought to recognize the title, kind, and executive of your essential content (I. e. the film). You ought to likewise sum up the film’s fundamental contention. The outline ought to be composed totally in your own words, and it should give your perusers a diagram of the film’s central matters without going into supporting subtleties. There ought to be no investigation in your outline. Here, you are simply advising your perusers regarding what the film is about with the goal that they will comprehend your contention about it. The rundown ought to be composed completely in your own words without any statements from the film. (See Writer’s Ref. , p. 72-73). Your synopsis should work to a unique proposition explanation in which you state whether you think the film’s contention is persuading and clarify why you accept that. Your proposition proclamation ought to be the last sentence of your presentation. a. Proposal Statement: Your postulation will be your focal thought, or significant reason, and it will be upheld by your examination of the film in the body passages. At the end of the day, your paper will be sorted out around your proposition explanation. It must be your unique thought, written in your own words, and barely engaged to fit this task. It should express the subject of your paper, I. e. your perspective on the film’s principle contention, and your critique on that theme, I. e. how the film bolsters that contention, what scenes will you center around, and so on. Your proposal is the most significant piece of your article, so it ought to be composed and overhauled with exceptional consideration. You should plan to go through at any rate 2 hours composing the postulation. (It couldn't be any more obvious, Writer’s Ref. , p. 16-18 and p. 80-82. ) 2. Body (3-5 pages): The body ought to examine 3 central matters, or the minor premises, that help your postulation proclamation. One reason should concentrate on a passionate component (feeling) of the film; another should concentrate on a sensible component (logos), and the last minor reason should concentrate on a component of ethos, or how the Kenner builds up validity or dependability with the crowd. Think about these inquiries, as you build up the body passages: a. Offers to Ethos : How does the film use advances to ethos to build up its validity as a source on the food business and to pick up the audience’s trust? Are these interests compelling? Why or why not? Talk about 1 grouping from the film that that has a solid ethos component. Depict the scene in complete detail, concentrating on how the scene’s exchange and pictures cooperate to make this intrigue. At long last, examine how the scene influenced you on a moral level. b. Requests to Pathos: How does the film advance to the audience’s feelings? What sort of enthusiastic reaction is the film attempting to summon? Are these interests viable? Why or why not? Is it accurate to say that they are reasonable, or would they say they are misleading? Talk about 1 arrangement from the film that has a solid emotion component. Portray the scene in complete detail, concentrating on how the scene’s discourse and pictures cooperate to make this intrigue. At long last, talk about how the scene influenced you on an enthusiastic level. c. Requests to Logos: How does the film utilize coherent interests to persuade the crowd of its contentions about the food business? What sorts of proof are utilized to convince the crowd on a sensible level. Are these interests powerful? Why or why not? Talk about 1 arrangement from the film that has a solid logos component. Portray the scene in complete detail, concentrating on how the scene’s discourse and pictures cooperate to make this intrigue. At last, talk about whether you found the scene convincing from a legitimate angle.

Compare & Contrat (ancient) greece &rome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Think about and Contrat (antiquated) greece &rome - Essay Example There are part of likenesses and contrasts between these two antiquated human advancements. This paper quickly clarifies the similitudes and contrasts between these two extraordinary human advancements ever. Both Greek and Rome civic establishments started in urban areas. Greece was arranged close to the beach front territory while Rome was situated in the topographical center of a by and large north-south plain verged on the east with mountains and on the west by the ocean (Comparisons Between the Ancient Greeks and Romans) Both the antiquated Romans and the Greeks delighted in recreational exercises a ton. A considerable lot of the games and games at present are the alterations of the old Greek and Rome recreational exercises. For instance the current type of wrestling and boxing has started from these human advancements. Truth be told these developments can be considered as the originators of recreational exercises on the planet. Antiquated Greeks were prevailing with regards to creating Olympic Games for the recreational reason. Each city in Greece and Rome had in any event one rec center during this period. Both the human advancements were very much aware of the need of physical exercises to keep the wellbeing flawless. Additionally, the ladies network likewise had their own particular manners of amusement. Music, dramatization, move, and verse were a portion of the regular things among the ladies network for recreational purposes during this period (Ancient Greece) The Flavian Amphitheater or Colosseum Was Erected by Flavian Emperors in Rome for recreational exercises during this period. The motivation behind the Colosseum was to give amusement to general society and the Roman emperors. The games included were gladiatorial challenges, wild-mammoth chases, and reenactment of fights the Romans had battled. Collosseums were developed fit as a fiddle so as to give all the observers an away from of what was happening inside. The advanced development innovation of current football grounds can be ascribed to the

Consumer Buying Behavior of Hybrid Vehicles

Chapter by chapter guide Title2 1. 0Introduction2 1. 1Background of the Study2 1. 2Problem Statement2 1. 3Research Objectives3 1. 4Significance of the Study3 1. 5Scope of the Study4 2. 0Literature Review5 3. 0Research Methodology7 3. 1Theoretical Framework7 3. 2Generation of Hypothesis7 4. 0Conclusion8 Reference:9 Title Factors that influence buyer buy choice of mixture vehicles (Green Vehicles) in Malaysia. Presentation 1 Background of the Study With the air contamination level rising step by step brought about by the emanation from customary vehicles, numerous administration bodies have invested exertion to implement discharge control strategy since the late of 1960, and it is getting severe with the EURO panel being the pioneer until today, where their outflow arrangement and reviewing framework being acknowledged or referenced worldwide even in Malaysia. The evaluating framework based of discharge tidiness starting today is from Euro 1 to Euro 6, where Euro 1 being the most noticeably terrible emanation standard and Euro 6 being the natural amicable. This is where most present day vehicles are fitted with exhaust system since late 1975, a basic gadget that can diminish the hurtful outflow, for example, un-consume hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide by changing over them into cleaner substances, for example, oxygen and hydrogen through concoction impetus impact inside (Tony and Andrew, 2006). The impact of this is the ascent of the consciousness of eco-friendliness, the same number of will additionally relate that on the off chance that eco-friendliness can be expanded, at that point the emanation can be additionally improved, just as to lessen wastage. Many car creators has from that point forward started advancement of eco-friendly motor so as to hold fast, and therefore lead to the pattern of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). 2 Problem Statement However, emanation is just a single ecological factor as there is other factor which disturbs a driver money related viewpoint, the fuel and its costs. Regardless of the fuel is costly and modest, in the event that one can travel further with a given set measure of fuel, at that point one can unquestionably spare him/her some cash (Tony and Andrew, 2006). What's more, back to the natural region, petroleum derivative is non-sustainable power source assets and exhaustion is surely inescapable. This is the reason lately, numerous western car creators began to investigate building eco-friendly vehicles, by building eco-friendly motors through different ways, most prominently by scaling down the motor removal and remunerate it with power acceptance, for example, low weight turbocharger. The impact of this usage is that utilizing a littler limit motor however can accomplish the force conveyance of a high limit motor, yet with lower fuel utilization. Anyway back in the eastern car industry, where the Japanese being the pioneer they had something different at the top of the priority list, they needed eco-friendliness as well as simultaneously they wished to augment the practice environmental awareness idea. From this time forward they concoct the possibility of cross breed vehicle, where when all is said in done terms a vehicle is controlled by 2 wellsprings of info, which is a typical inside burning motor, upheld by an extra electric engine which requires uncommon battery pack. The benefits of this execution is that the fuel utilization and emanation is better over the formal, while the disadvantage is the support and cost of substitution for defective battery pack is pricey. With the cross breed being the hot pattern presently given the promising marketing projections from European nations and the USA, for the most part the upkeep factor isn't an issue for them, anyway in this examination we have to discover the variables cap impact a purchaser into considering, purchasing a half breed vehicle here in Malaysia, as the mixture pattern is still extremely new here in Malaysia, for the most part beginning the time of 2006 where Honda presents Civic Hybrid. Anyway with the ongoing expense exclusion on half and half vehicles from the Malaysia government, the pattern is by all accounts changing emphatically and now we have a few models from Honda and Toyota to offer in light of the arrangement. 3 Research Objectives a) What are the components that impact buyer in to thinking about a mixture vehicle? b) What are the components that help customer into purchasing a half breed vehicle? ) What are the elements that customer stresses over when buying a half breed vehicle? 4 Significance of the Study This investigation into the components that influence the purchasing choice of cross breed vehicles in Malaysia could extend the pattern and acknowledgment of crossover vehicles here in Malaysia. With that data, neighborhood car producers can consider into building up our own mixture vehicles to offer the nearby markets a more extensive decision, just as to remain serious in the market. Moreover, this will be a decent impetus to start off â€Å"Go Green† idea into consumers’ mind that is useful to the rebuilding and diligence of the earth. Extent of the Study In this examination, we will initially investigate and presentation into both the low weight power acceptance innovation and the half and half innovation further at that point look i nto the advantages and disadvantages in detail. With both idea comprehended, we will start to concentrate on the pattern of mixture vehicles here in Malaysia, discovering the elements that help or dissuade the acknowledgment of half breed vehicle through poll focused on crossover proprietors and potential cross breed proprietors, from that point we can recognize what are the primary factors and worry of purchaser after creation a choice for a mixture vehicle, and afterward onclude what should be possible to additionally build the acknowledgment level of half and half vehicles. Writing Review According to Markel and Simpson (2006), the usage of cross breed electric vehicles can adequately lessen oil utilization up to 30% when contrasted with regular vehicle, anyway a completely module half and half electric vehicle will be experience advancement to additionally improve the investment funds and diminish the wastage, as flow crossover electric vehicles utilizes electric engine fueled b y battery pack to help the motor, which is exorbitant when one needs to supplant, and it didn't give a lot of wanted force. The maker can obviously place in a greater battery pack to punch out better force and solidness, yet with each 15% of progress the expense is about multiplied. This issue is likewise referenced before path back in year 2001, where the advancement of mixture vehicles started with the point in furnishing a prevalent eco-friendliness vehicles with negligible wastage and toxins transmitted, in preceding location two significant issues (Allella et al, 2001): a) Consumption of fuel : World oil stores and buildups are far-fetched ready to continue against the consistently developing need of utilization b) Pollution : Generally alluded to the unsafe outflow that can harm the natural wellbeing The most well-known half and half vehicle configuration is found inside the renowned Japanese car creators, individually the Honda and the Toyota. The thought is to fit an electric engine controlled by a battery pack that will energize itself utilizing the lost vitality during the slowing down methodology, to help a littler limit customary motor in speeding up. With the engine partner, the motor need not work and fire up that difficult to get the vehicle going subsequently fuel utilization can be brought down. At the point when certain conditions are met, the vehicles may likewise run exclusively on the electric engine itself most presumably during low speed cruising. Setting the vehicle structure aside, as expressed by Kuo and Wang (2011), the disciplinary in driving, just as the atmosphere is main consideration in decreasing fuel utilization. Kuo and Wang called attention to that in nations that have tropical atmosphere, for example, those close to the equator, will in general have higher fuel utilization file contrasted with different nations with 4 seasons atmosphere, this is mostly because of the way that fuel consumes better and increasingly effective when the air temperature is colder, as colder air is progressively thick and from this time forward conveys more oxygen atoms. Other than that, since the temperature is commonly high during the time for tropical atmosphere nations, drivers will in general switch broadcasting live conditioner (A/C) more often than not to withstand the sweltering climate, and A/C draws power from the motor to control up the blower and cooling curl, accordingly it brings about loss of intensity from motor and prompts higher fuel utilization. On the disciplinary side, going underneath or route over the ideal speed of a vehicle, as a rule around 90KM/H to 110KM/H will influence the fuel utilization, where most drivers will in general speed whenever the odds emerge. One ought to likewise attempt to design their voyaging course ahead, so as to dodge pointless traffic blockage which can bring about poor fuel utilization, as start-quit driving demonstrated to have 60% expanded fuel utilization contrasted with smooth relentless driving. This is commonly experienced by most drivers that they can accomplish better mileage on the off chance that they travel on the expressway regularly. Research Methodology 1 Theoretical Framework [pic] 2 Generation of Hypothesis Assume that ) H0 = Null Hypothesis (No connection between IV and DV) b) H1 = Alternative Hypothesis (Significant connection between IV and DV) |H1 |H0 †There is no connection among support and buy choice of half breed vehicles. | |H1 †There is critical connection among support and buy choice of crossover vehicles. | |H2 |H0 †There is no connection between fuel utilization and buy choice of half and half vehicles. | |H1 †There is noteworthy connection between fuel utilization and buy choice of half breed vehicles. | |H3 |H0 †There is no connection between charge exception and buy choice of half and half vehicles. | |H1 †There is critical connection between charge exception and buy choice of cross breed vehicles. | |H4 |H0 †There is no connection between close to home view and buy choice of cross breed vehicles. | |H1 †There is huge connection between close to home view and buy choice of half and half vehicles. End In

paula essays

paula articles Paula by Isabel Allende; 330 pp.; Cost: $14.00 When Isabel Allende's little girl, Paula fell gravely sick, Allende started to fill her composing tablet with a story for Paula. Allende composed so when Paula woke up she won't be lost and will realize what occurred while she was in her extreme lethargies. This is Allende's first true to life novel. The book mentions to you what's going on during Paula's disease alongside Allende's personal history and journals. She addresses Paula revealing to her the narrative of odd precursors, her own privileged insights, and stories from her childhood. She likewise discloses to Paula what is happening while she is in her trance like state. Allende says what occurred during the homicide of her uncle, the Chilean President Salvador Allende, the military overthrow and her outcast, her connections and the destruction of her first union with Paula's dad, why she kept in touch with her first novel, to her current life in California. Allende turns this overwhelming experience to an upbeat one with her utilization of words making it a wonderful story. Paula not quite the same as Allende's different works since it is true to life; anyway it is known to be her best one alongside House of the Spirits. I preferred this book a great deal and would prescribe it to anybody. On the off chance that you haven't read any of Allende's books and aren't acquainted with her I don't figure you would appreciate it so much. This book ought to be perused subsequent to perusing in any event one of Allende's books so there could be a prologue to becoming more acquainted with this writer. As I would see it, Isabel Allende has carried on with a fascinating life and you would locate that out in the wake of perusing this book. ... <!

Ethical and legal debate and implications of stem cell research Essay

Moral and lawful discussion and ramifications of undeveloped cell investigate - Essay Example sure that different arrangements as far as information, abilities, and familiarity with long standing infections will be found, as research done by Sandel (2004) uncovers. Objectives of undeveloped cell examine are exceptionally worthy in the biomedical field since it is productive and practical utilizing logical based information to upgrade the clinical field. The International Society for Stem cell Research (ISSCR) acknowledges and societies thoughts and recommendations from undeveloped cell researchers trying to advance logical research, information improvement, and further training in this wide field. Other than empowering utilization of exact and exact utilization of undeveloped cell investigate phrasings, the ISSCR effectively participates in teaching analysts and everyone in proper use of terms and implications to abstain from clashing utilization of specific terms (Sugarman 2008). It additionally assesses the significance of leading immature microorganism investigate for a particular explanation in the clinical field. With an end goal to smooth out, the hopeful practice there must be a few moral and legitimate contemplations in any case the entire practice can be unfavorable and belittling to human life and rights (Doerflinger 2010). Morals stays in association with logical and restorative significance just as uprightness while laws are worried about patient’s availability to the administrations and security; it is a greater amount of legislative duty to institute laws. Undifferentiated organism examine has constrained practice in many nations on the planet with a couple of exemptions that fulfill the prerequisites and guidelines of undertaking the examination. In United Kingdom for example, foundational microorganism examine is vital and the work on overseeing is through different enactments and moral contemplations. It has an intricate and well-form administrative plan for undeveloped cell explore (Daley et al. 2007). A few reasons legitimize immature microorganism inquire about in the UK, the Human Fertilization, and Embryology Act shaped in 1990 and the as of late framed Human Fertilization and Embryology

SIPA Veterans Association COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Veterans Association COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Active duty military and veterans from around the world are important contributors to the ongoing debates that form the foundation of the SIPA learning experience.     From discussing the most effective relationship between humanitarian organizations and military units in a war zone to discussing best practices in serving populations during natural disasters, SIPA benefits greatly from the contributions of students, faculty and visiting speakers with military experience. SIPA thrives on the diversity of perspectives in its classrooms and counts among its student body military students from nations around the world. Late last month the SIPA Veterans Association hosted the following event: Lieutenant General “Pete” Osman, USMC(RET): Reflections on US Military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, and a welcome to the Columbia SIPA Veterans Association Lieutenant General H.P “Pete” Osman General Osman will share his thoughts on current events in Iraq and Afghanistan, veterans in the classroom, the New GI Bill, and the future of the US military.   General Osman served on active duty in the US Marine Corps for 37 years.   During his service he fulfilled a variety of duties including commanding officer of 3rd Battalion, 7th Marines, Commanding Officer for Officers Candidate School, and Commanding General of the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Force.   General Osman also served as Deputy Commandant of the Marine Corps for manpower and reserve affairs.   He is veteran of both the Vietnam and Iraq wars. Columbia SIPA Veterans Association Please join Lieutenant General “Pete” Osman as he welcomes the Columbia SIPA Veterans Association (CSVA) to campus.   The CSVA will endeavor to assist transitioning SIPA veterans assimilate to student life, provide venues for the discussion of relevant military and veteran issues, and help SIPA Veteran Alumni stay connected with current SIPA students. Monday, November 23, 2009 7:00pm â€" 9:00pm Room 1512, 15th Floor School of International and Public Affairs 420 West 118th Street, New York City In Memory of Major Mike Weston, USMCR

Accounting and business ethics - 1650 Words

Accounting and business ethics (Essay Sample) Content: AccountingName Institution One of the most talked about topics in current management is business ethics and its role in corporate social responsibility. Business ethics is a high profile issue in management because of the increasing corporate scandals that continue to hit organizations (Economist, 2002). These corporate scandals have led to extensive destruction of economies and even society. This is why ethics is majorly focused on particularly in accounting. This is why accountants have come up with bodies meant to protect these ethical standards. Ethical standards in accounting were not introduced until 1929 (Ketz, 2006). Before the introduction of these standards, there were no any official accounting standards. Before this time, accountants were not allowed to disclose any information concerning their businesses to any external users. Thus, it must be acknowledged that the introduction of these accounting have helped a lot in improving accounting ethics globally. However, this does not mean that the introduction of these accounting standards have totally eliminated unethical behaviors in accounting (Seabury, 2002). As recent as 2012, Yahoo CEO Scott Thompson was relieved of his duties less than six months in charge after being found guilty of claiming he had both a degree in accounting and computer science. It was later found that he only had a degree in accounting. Despite the minor challenges still faced, it is still clear to see how most of the accounting standards developed since 1929 have revolutionized ethical behaviors in that subject. The current business environment is still a matter of success versus struggle. Some businesses duly obey the laws while others continue to falter in their daily operations. It is only hoped there will come a time when all businesses will follow ethical standards to the letter. In recent years, a lot of companies have been faced by ethical breaches in matters relating to accounting (Sridharan, Dickes, Caines, 2002). Scott Thompsons scandal of 2012 was not highly publicized because the situation in this case did not involve accounting issues. He only lied about having a computer science degree, which is still a breach of accounting ethics, but still does not rate against highly publicized accounting breaches. One of the most scandalous and extensively recognized accounting ethics breaches of all time is the fall of Enron in 2001 (Sridharan, Dickes, Caines, 2002). It is considered a major scandal because it did not only make the company bankrupt, but also led to the downfall of one of the biggest audit companies in the world, Arthur Andersen. Enron grew within a space of 15 years to be ranked as the seventh largest company in the United States. However, its fall began in 2001 when the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) reported that it was looking into Enrons accounting practices. This is after the commission had doubts over some of the shareholders and analysts belonging to th e firm. The investigation that followed revealed some of the write-downs by the firm that reduced the firms credit rating and investor confidence (Seabury, 2002). The inevitable happened as the company declared bankrupt in December 2001. After these events, the SEC reported it would be pursuing charges against high ranking officials in the company including its former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, Kenneth L. Lay, and CFO Andrew Fastow among other high-ranking employees. These employees were charged with manipulating accounting standards knowingly leading to great losses to the company. Skilling and Lay were the most controversial figures during this process as they were tried collectively on 46 counts on issues such as bank fraud, money laundering, conspiracy, and insider trading. The former CEO was later found guilty on 19 counts and condemned to more than 24 years in jail (Economist, 2002). On the other hand, Lay was convicted on 6 counts of fraud and faced about 45 years in prison. Howev er, Lay died in 2006, about three months before his hearing. After the Enron scandal, the Congress decided to pass the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in order to improve accountability in corporations. The company officials were found guilty of disregarding a number of accounting principles. The company was found guilty of money laundering and bank fraud. The officials were also accused of conspiracy among other accounting deceptions. The Enron scandal was not hard to determine because of the number of issues in accounting ethics that were violated along the way (Ketz, 2006). It was easier to detect because bank fraud and money laundering were some of the ethical values violated. But since the conspirators well organized their plan, it took a lot of time to find their plan. The scandal became publicized when the press started following close communications between Mr. Lay and other senior officials in Enron. Capitol Hill also begun talking of the close association Kenneth Lay, the Chairman of Enron had with the then President George W. Bush and other Republican officials. It was believed that most of the money being laundered was being collected for campaigns (Economist, 2002). It was also revealed that Mr. Lay and other senior officials were making a lot of money from the shares belonging to the firm, while other junior workers pension funds were largely invested in the company stock for a long period of time. This was a ploy to prevent these employees from selling their shares in time. Management failed to create an ethical environment because it was involved in the money laundering. They did not want to do anything that could lead to public suspicion. There is one issue that attracted more attention of the ethical violations that were happening in Enron (Seabury, 2002). For instance, what governs the pubic capital markets and most importantly the role of auditors? This is real reason why Arthur Andersen collapsed with the fall of Enron. The Enron conduct was detected because it had political links. Both the former CEO and the current one had political connections with the Republican Party. This was one of the paths that led the SEC from catching the culprits. The fall of Enron led to both social and economic impacts in the United States. One of the major collapses was the liquidation of the whole firm. Before 2000, Enron was famously referred to as the darling of Wall Street. However, its collapse led to lose of jobs, affected many pension funds, and dumped the Wall Street into misery. Many people still fail to understand how a company as big as Enron could collapse in an overnight without the fraudsters being caught earlier in the process (Seabury, 2002). This was all due to the work of CFO Andrew Fastow who was promoted in 1998. He came up with a way of fooling people that the company was in great shape when indeed money was being laundered. This scheme was known as special purpose entities (SPE). This scheme allowed the firm to hide assets that were performing badly, thus, keeping them off the companys books. However, this conspiracy could not go on for a long time and by April 2001, the transparency of Enrons earnings came into question (Sridharan, Dickes, Caines, 2002). Few months later the company was in a free fall. High ranked officials left their posts led by CEO Ken Lay. In October 2001, the company reported its first quarterly loss. The effect of this was closing its SPE in order to avoid distribu...